CST311 Module 5

    This week's focus was on the network layer, covering topics such as the function of routers, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, and the role of NAT. A network router is responsible for the routing and forwarding of packets within a network. Routing involves determining the path for packets to reach their intended destination IP addresses, while forwarding is the actual transmission of these packets to the target destinations along the route. When it comes to device addressing, the currently most common method is IPv4, which has a format such like 192.168.0.1. However, the increasing demand for unique IP addresses and the gradual exhaustion of available IPv4 addresses is encouraging a wider adoption of IPv6. Although IPv6 was introduced decades ago, its adoption has been relatively slow. One of the notable features of IPv6 is its utilization of a 128-bit address length, allowing for an extensive pool of unique IP addresses. Network Address Translation (NAT) enables systems, such as routers, to map internal or local IP addresses associated with devices within a private network to external or public IP addresses assigned by the Internet Service Provider (ISP). For example, a home router can perform NAT by assigning an internal IP to a home computer and then translating it to the external IP allocated to the home by the ISP. This allows a single home which may have 10s of devices to only be allocated one IP rather than an individual IP per device.

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